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This book offers a detailed discussion of the complex magnetic behavior of magnetic nanosystems, with its myriad of geometries (e.g. core-shell, heterodimer and dumbbell) and its different applications. It provides a broad overview of the numerous current studies concerned with magnetic nanoparticles, presenting key examples and an in-depth examination of the cutting-edge developments in this field.
This contributed volume shares the latest developments in nanomagnetism with a wide audience: from upper undergraduate and graduate students to advanced specialists in both academia and industry. The first three chapters serve as a primer to the more advanced content found later in the book, making it an ideal introductory text for researchers starting in this field.
It provides a forum for the critical evaluation of many aspects of complex nanomagnetism that are at the forefront of nanoscience today. It also presents highlights from the extensive literature on the topic, including the latest research in this field.
Prof. Dr. Surender Kumar Sharma: Dr. Sharma obtained his PhD title in July 2007 from H. P. University, Shimla, India. After spending several years of research/academic positions in Brazil, France, Czech Republic, India and Mexico working in the area of nanomagnetism and functional nanomaterials, he has joined Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Brazil, as a Professor of Physics at Department of Physics on February 2015. Currently he is an active member of the graduate research program at UFMA and actively involved in research, teaching and supervising graduate students. He has been awarded as FAPEMA Senior Researcher grants in August 2015. To date, Dr. Sharma has published more than 54 research articles in reputed journals, 1 book as a single author and 1 book chapter.
1. Granular magnetic nanostructures: An overview of finite size, dipolar interactions and surface effects on the magnetic properties
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Special Features of Magnetic Nanoparticles
1.2.1 Finite Size Effects
1.2.1.1 Single domain Limits and superparamagnetism: Brief Introduction
1.2.1.2 Surface Effects
1.2.2.1 Classical Langevin Function Approach
1.2.2.2 Size distribution Overview
1.2.2.3 Experimental Magnetic Measurements
1.2.2.3.1 Measuring time and relaxation time
1.2.2.3.2 DC Magnetic Properties
1.2.2.3.2.1 Magnetization Curves
1.2.2.3.2.3 Thermoremanent Magnetization
1.2.2.3.2.4 Isothermal Remanent magnetization
1.2.3 Different kinds of Interaction in Granular magnetic nanosystems
1.2.3.1 The Role of Interactions on the Magnetic properties
1.2.3.2 Models
2. Size and Shape controlled liquid phase synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles: recent updates
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic Mechanism on the formation of Magnetic nanoparticles
2.2.1 Nucleation: Burst of Nucleation Concept
2.2.2 Methods for the isolation of Nucleation and Growth; Numerical Simulation of Burst Nucleation
2.3 Novel Synthesis method for the size and shape controlled Magnetic nanoparticles
2.3.1 Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation
2.3.2 Hydrothermal and High-Temperature Reactions
2.3.3 Polyols method
2.3.4 Sol-Gel Reactions
2.3.5 Electrochemical techniques
2.3.6 Flow Injection Syntheses
2.3.1 Inorganic materials
2.3.2 Polymer Stabilizers
2.3.3 Monomeric Stabilizers
2.4 Strategies to control the size and shape
2.5 Conclusions
3. Bimagnetic soft/hard and hard/soft magnetic core-shell nanoparticles with diverse application
3.1 Introduction
3.2 fundamental Phenomenology: Importance of coupling between soft and hard bimagnetic nanocrystals
3.3 Chemical synthesis approaches to obtain multifunctional nanosystem
3.3.1 Surface treatment of nanoparticles
3.3.2 Two Step Seed-mediated growth method
3.4 Characterization Strategy
3.5 Current and potential applications
3.5.2 Permanent magnets
3.5.3 Microwave absorptions
3.5.4 Biomedical applications
3.6 Conclusion and outlook
4. Magnetic nanoparticles probed by synchrotron radiations based on X-ray absorption method: spin polarization and Charge transfer mechanism
4.1 Introduction
4.2.1 X-ray absorption fine structure
4.2.2 X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
4.3 Brief overview of different types of nanoparticles
4.3.1 Core-shell nanoparticles
4.3.2 Heterodimer nanoparticles
4.3.3 Dumbbell types of nanoparticles
4.4 d-band magnetism of Ag, Au, Pd and Pt nanoparticles
4.4.1 Magnetism in bulk metals
4.4.2 Induced magnetism in nanoparticle matrix
4.4.3 Intrinsic magnetic moment in metallic nanoparticles
4.5 Structural Study Aspect
4.5.1 XANES and EXAFS measurements
4.5.2 Analysis and Explanation
4.6 Element Selective Magnetic Study
4.6.1 X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism magnetometry
4.6.2 Sum Rules Approach
4.6.2 Spin polarization and charge transfer mechanism
4.7 Conclusion
4.8 Future Prospective
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Diversity of architectures of bimetallic nanostructures
5.2.1 Zero-dimensional
5.2.2 1-dimensional
5.2.3 Bimetallic assembly
5.3 Advance in the characterization of bimetallic nanostructures
5.4.1 Magnetic Property
5.4.2 Optical Property
5.4.3 Catalytic Property
5.4 Important Applications
5.4.1 Magnetic media recording
5.4.2 Permanent magnets
5.4.3 Biomedical applications
5.5 Conclusion & Outlook
6. Design of rare-earth doped iron oxide nanomaterials for future possibility in resonance imaging
6.1 Introduction
6.2 RARE EARTHS AND ORGANIC LIGANDS
6.2.1 Electronic spectroscopy of rare earth ions
6.2.2 Rare earth luminescence
6.2.3 Organic ligands
6.2.3.2 Rare earth complexes with calixarenes
6.2.3.2.1 Conformational properties of calixarenes
6.2.3.2.2 Acidity constants of the phenolic OH groups
6.2.3.2.3 Inclusion compounds
6.2.3.2.4 Rare earth complexes with carboxylic acids
6.3 Synthesis of Fe3O4/calixarene RE3+ -complexes core-shell nanomaterials
6.3.1 Synthesis of the calixarene ligand
6.3.2 Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles
6.3.3 Synthesis of Fe3O4@calix-Eu(TTA) nanomaterial
6.3.4 Synthesis of Fe3O4@calix-Tb(ACAC) nanomaterial
6.4 Synthesis of RE3+ -complexes grafted Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanomaterials.
6.4.1 Magnetite nanoparticles
6.4.2 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles
6.4.3 TTA grafted magnetic core-shell nanostructures (Fe3O4@SiO2-TTA)
6.4.4 Fe3O4@SiO2-TTA-RE(L) nanomaterials
6.5 Application in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
6.6 Conclusions
7. Magnetic Nanohybrids for the water purifications: removal of heavy metals
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A brief report on water contamination by Heavy Metal
7.3 Functional Magnetic Nanomaterials
7.3.1 Normal Occurrence
7.3.2 Syntheses in Liquid Phase
7.3.3 Particle Characterizations
7.4.1 nano zero Valent Iron (nZVI)
7.4.2 Magnetite (Fe3O4)
7.4.3 Maghemite (g-Fe2O3)
7.4.4 Hematite (a-Fe2O3)
7.4.5 Ferric hydroxide(Fe(OH)3)
7.5 Nanotechnological Approach applied to water purifications
7.5.1 Adsorption Experiments
7.5.2 Effect of pH & Salinity
7.5.3 Finite size/shape effect
7.5.4 Effect of competing species
7.5.5 Thermal Effects
7.5.7 Effect of adsorbent dose/concentration
7.6 Commercialization of MNPs for polluted water treatment
7.7 Advantages & Disadvantages
7.8 Conclusion and future goal
8. Superparamagnetic composite based GO/rGO for the multimode biomedical applications
8.1 Introduction
8.3 Important properties of Graphene based nanomaterials
8.3.1 Physiochemical properties
8.3.2 Optical Properties
8.3.3 Thermal & Electrical properties
8.3.4 Mechanical Properties
8.3.5 Biological Properties
8.4 Graphene/Graphene Oxide based magnetic nanocomposites
8.6 Conclusion and future prospects
9. Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment: Effect of size and shape
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fine Particle Magnetism
9.2.1 Concept of Single Magnetic domains
9.2.2 Spin Reversal Mechanism
9.2.2.2 Magnetization reversal in liquid carrier
9.2.3 Stoner-Wohlfarth Model
9.2.4 Thermal Activation of Magnetization
9.2.5 Frequency Dependence of Hysteresis
9.2.6 Energy Barrier Distribution
9.3 Magnetic Hyperthermia
9.3.2 Magnetic Susceptibility Heating
9.3.3 Hysteresis Heating
9.3.4 Magnetic Stirring Effects
9.3.5 Effect of Distributed Systems
9.3.5.1 Effect of Particle Size Distribution
9.3.5.2 Effect of Anisotropy Distribution
9.4 Size and shape dependent based fluid hypothermia: A few examples from Literature
10. Functionalized Magnetic nanohybrids structures for imaging and therapy applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Wet chemical based Seed-mediated growth towards functional nanohybrids
10.2.1 Superparamagnetic-plasmonic nanohybrids
10.2.2 Plasmonic-fluorescent nanohybrids
10.3 Surface functionalization and modification strategy
10.3.1 Inorganic materials
10.3.2 Polymer Stabilizers
10.3.3 Monomeric Stabilizers
10.4 Magnetic Nanotechnology for cancer treatments
10.5 Photothermal therapy
10.6 Nanohybrids for biomedical diagnosis and therapy
This book offers a detailed discussion of the complex magnetic behavior of magnetic nanosystems, with its myriad of geometries (e.g. core-shell, heterodimer and dumbbell) and its different applications. It provides a broad overview of the numerous current studies concerned with magnetic nanoparticles, presenting key examples and an in-depth examination of the cutting-edge developments in this field.
This contributed volume shares the latest developments in nanomagnetism with a wide audience: from upper undergraduate and graduate students to advanced specialists in both academia and industry. The first three chapters serve as a primer to the more advanced content found later in the book, making it an ideal introductory text for researchers starting in this field.
It provides a forum for the critical evaluation of many aspects of complex nanomagnetism that are at the forefront of nanoscience today. It also presents highlights from the extensive literature on the topic, including the latest research in this field.
Prof. Dr. Surender Kumar Sharma: Dr. Sharma obtained his PhD title in July 2007 from H. P. University, Shimla, India. After spending several years of research/academic positions in Brazil, France, Czech Republic, India and Mexico working in the area of nanomagnetism and functional nanomaterials, he has joined Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Brazil, as a Professor of Physics at Department of Physics on February 2015. Currently he is an active member of the graduate research program at UFMA and actively involved in research, teaching and supervising graduate students. He has been awarded as FAPEMA Senior Researcher grants in August 2015. To date, Dr. Sharma has published more than 54 research articles in reputed journals, 1 book as a single author and 1 book chapter.
1. Granular magnetic nanostructures: An overview of finite size, dipolar interactions and surface effects on the magnetic properties
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Special Features of Magnetic Nanoparticles
1.2.1 Finite Size Effects
1.2.1.1 Single domain Limits and superparamagnetism: Brief Introduction
1.2.1.2 Surface Effects
1.2.2.1 Classical Langevin Function Approach
1.2.2.2 Size distribution Overview
1.2.2.3 Experimental Magnetic Measurements
1.2.2.3.1 Measuring time and relaxation time
1.2.2.3.2 DC Magnetic Properties
1.2.2.3.2.1 Magnetization Curves
1.2.2.3.2.3 Thermoremanent Magnetization
1.2.2.3.2.4 Isothermal Remanent magnetization
1.2.3 Different kinds of Interaction in Granular magnetic nanosystems
1.2.3.1 The Role of Interactions on the Magnetic properties
1.2.3.2 Models
2. Size and Shape controlled liquid phase synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles: recent updates
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic Mechanism on the formation of Magnetic nanoparticles
2.2.1 Nucleation: Burst of Nucleation Concept
2.2.2 Methods for the isolation of Nucleation and Growth; Numerical Simulation of Burst Nucleation
2.3 Novel Synthesis method for the size and shape controlled Magnetic nanoparticles
2.3.1 Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation
2.3.2 Hydrothermal and High-Temperature Reactions
2.3.3 Polyols method
2.3.4 Sol-Gel Reactions
2.3.5 Electrochemical techniques
2.3.6 Flow Injection Syntheses
2.3.1 Inorganic materials
2.3.2 Polymer Stabilizers
2.3.3 Monomeric Stabilizers
2.4 Strategies to control the size and shape
2.5 Conclusions
3. Bimagnetic soft/hard and hard/soft magnetic core-shell nanoparticles with diverse application
3.1 Introduction
3.2 fundamental Phenomenology: Importance of coupling between soft and hard bimagnetic nanocrystals
3.3 Chemical synthesis approaches to obtain multifunctional nanosystem
3.3.1 Surface treatment of nanoparticles
3.3.2 Two Step Seed-mediated growth method
3.4 Characterization Strategy
3.5 Current and potential applications
3.5.2 Permanent magnets
3.5.3 Microwave absorptions
3.5.4 Biomedical applications
3.6 Conclusion and outlook
4. Magnetic nanoparticles probed by synchrotron radiations based on X-ray absorption method: spin polarization and Charge transfer mechanism
4.1 Introduction
4.2.1 X-ray absorption fine structure
4.2.2 X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
4.3 Brief overview of different types of nanoparticles
4.3.1 Core-shell nanoparticles
4.3.2 Heterodimer nanoparticles
4.3.3 Dumbbell types of nanoparticles
4.4 d-band magnetism of Ag, Au, Pd and Pt nanoparticles
4.4.1 Magnetism in bulk metals
4.4.2 Induced magnetism in nanoparticle matrix
4.4.3 Intrinsic magnetic moment in metallic nanoparticles
4.5 Structural Study Aspect
4.5.1 XANES and EXAFS measurements
4.5.2 Analysis and Explanation
4.6 Element Selective Magnetic Study
4.6.1 X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism magnetometry
4.6.2 Sum Rules Approach
4.6.2 Spin polarization and charge transfer mechanism
4.7 Conclusion
4.8 Future Prospective
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Diversity of architectures of bimetallic nanostructures
5.2.1 Zero-dimensional
5.2.2 1-dimensional
5.2.3 Bimetallic assembly
5.3 Advance in the characterization of bimetallic nanostructures
5.4.1 Magnetic Property
5.4.2 Optical Property
5.4.3 Catalytic Property
5.4 Important Applications
5.4.1 Magnetic media recording
5.4.2 Permanent magnets
5.4.3 Biomedical applications
5.5 Conclusion & Outlook
6. Design of rare-earth doped iron oxide nanomaterials for future possibility in resonance imaging
6.1 Introduction
6.2 RARE EARTHS AND ORGANIC LIGANDS
6.2.1 Electronic spectroscopy of rare earth ions
6.2.2 Rare earth luminescence
6.2.3 Organic ligands
6.2.3.2 Rare earth complexes with calixarenes
6.2.3.2.1 Conformational properties of calixarenes
6.2.3.2.2 Acidity constants of the phenolic OH groups
6.2.3.2.3 Inclusion compounds
6.2.3.2.4 Rare earth complexes with carboxylic acids
6.3 Synthesis of Fe3O4/calixarene RE3+ -complexes core-shell nanomaterials
6.3.1 Synthesis of the calixarene ligand
6.3.2 Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles
6.3.3 Synthesis of Fe3O4@calix-Eu(TTA) nanomaterial
6.3.4 Synthesis of Fe3O4@calix-Tb(ACAC) nanomaterial
6.4 Synthesis of RE3+ -complexes grafted Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanomaterials.
6.4.1 Magnetite nanoparticles
6.4.2 Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles
6.4.3 TTA grafted magnetic core-shell nanostructures (Fe3O4@SiO2-TTA)
6.4.4 Fe3O4@SiO2-TTA-RE(L) nanomaterials
6.5 Application in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
6.6 Conclusions
7. Magnetic Nanohybrids for the water purifications: removal of heavy metals
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A brief report on water contamination by Heavy Metal
7.3 Functional Magnetic Nanomaterials
7.3.1 Normal Occurrence
7.3.2 Syntheses in Liquid Phase
7.3.3 Particle Characterizations
7.4.1 nano zero Valent Iron (nZVI)
7.4.2 Magnetite (Fe3O4)
7.4.3 Maghemite (g-Fe2O3)
7.4.4 Hematite (a-Fe2O3)
7.4.5 Ferric hydroxide(Fe(OH)3)
7.5 Nanotechnological Approach applied to water purifications
7.5.1 Adsorption Experiments
7.5.2 Effect of pH & Salinity
7.5.3 Finite size/shape effect
7.5.4 Effect of competing species
7.5.5 Thermal Effects
7.5.7 Effect of adsorbent dose/concentration
7.6 Commercialization of MNPs for polluted water treatment
7.7 Advantages & Disadvantages
7.8 Conclusion and future goal
8. Superparamagnetic composite based GO/rGO for the multimode biomedical applications
8.1 Introduction
8.3 Important properties of Graphene based nanomaterials
8.3.1 Physiochemical properties
8.3.2 Optical Properties
8.3.3 Thermal & Electrical properties
8.3.4 Mechanical Properties
8.3.5 Biological Properties
8.4 Graphene/Graphene Oxide based magnetic nanocomposites
8.6 Conclusion and future prospects
9. Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment: Effect of size and shape
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fine Particle Magnetism
9.2.1 Concept of Single Magnetic domains
9.2.2 Spin Reversal Mechanism
9.2.2.2 Magnetization reversal in liquid carrier
9.2.3 Stoner-Wohlfarth Model
9.2.4 Thermal Activation of Magnetization
9.2.5 Frequency Dependence of Hysteresis
9.2.6 Energy Barrier Distribution
9.3 Magnetic Hyperthermia
9.3.2 Magnetic Susceptibility Heating
9.3.3 Hysteresis Heating
9.3.4 Magnetic Stirring Effects
9.3.5 Effect of Distributed Systems
9.3.5.1 Effect of Particle Size Distribution
9.3.5.2 Effect of Anisotropy Distribution
9.4 Size and shape dependent based fluid hypothermia: A few examples from Literature
10. Functionalized Magnetic nanohybrids structures for imaging and therapy applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Wet chemical based Seed-mediated growth towards functional nanohybrids
10.2.1 Superparamagnetic-plasmonic nanohybrids
10.2.2 Plasmonic-fluorescent nanohybrids
10.3 Surface functionalization and modification strategy
10.3.1 Inorganic materials
10.3.2 Polymer Stabilizers
10.3.3 Monomeric Stabilizers
10.4 Magnetic Nanotechnology for cancer treatments
10.5 Photothermal therapy
10.6 Nanohybrids for biomedical diagnosis and therapy
Chapter 1: Granular magnetic nanostructures.- Chapter 2: Size and Shape controlled liquid phase synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles.- Chapter 3: Bimagnetic soft/hard and hard/soft magnetic core-shell nanoparticles with diverse application.- Chapter 4: Magnetic nanoparticles probed by synchrotron radiations based on X-ray absorption method.- Chapter 5: Bimetallic nanostructures with magnetic and noble metals.- Chapter 6: Design of rare-earth doped iron oxide nanomaterials for future possibility in resonance imaging.- Chapter 7: Magnetic Nanohybrids for the water purifications.- Chapter 8: Superparamagnetic composite based GO/rGO for the multimode biomedical applications.- Chapter 9: Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment.- Chapter 10: Functionalized Magnetic nanohybrids structures for imaging and therapy applications.
Prof. Dr. Surender Kumar Sharma: Dr. Sharma obtained his PhD title in July 2007 from H. P. University, Shimla, India. After spending several years of research/academic positions in Brazil, France, Czech Republic, India and Mexico working in the area of nanomagnetism and functional nanomaterials, he has joined Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Brazil, as a Professor of Physics at Department of Physics on February 2015. Currently he is an active member of the graduate research program at UFMA and actively involved in research, teaching and supervising graduate students. He has been awarded as FAPEMA Senior Researcher grants in August 2015. To date, Dr. Sharma has published more than 54 research articles in reputed journals, 1 book as a single author and 1 book chapter.
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