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Plato dismissed Greek mythology as 'old wives' chatter' but such chatter, from the Minotaur to the Trojan Horse, from Zeus to Prometheus, Heracles to the Argonauts, has been of immense influence for thousands of years. Those tales of deities and beasts, and of heroes and villains, must have possessed some quality to have lasted so long. Thousands of years on, we still refer in our every day lives to Achilles, Pandora and Narcissus. From Hades in the Underworld to Pegasus in flight, Greek Myths & Legends is an accessible introduction to the world of such characters as the Titans, Aphrodite and Poseidon. The book tells the story of Greek mythology from its creation myths and gods to its tales of mortals. Along the way we see the development of the pantheon of the major Greek deities, the dynastic struggles among the early gods, the creation of the Underworld and we learn how Ariadne, Medea and Perseus, among many others, fit into the mythic universe. The book also examines how Greek myths have survived in written texts, ceramics, art and architecture, and the legacy of Greek mythology in Roman culture and the Middle Ages, as well as its revival in the Renaissance and its enduring appeal today. Illustrated with 180 colour and black-&-white photographs, artworks and maps, Greek Myths & Legends is an engaging, highly informative exploration of a fascinating world and will appeal to anyone interested in legends and ancient cultures.
Plato dismissed Greek mythology as 'old wives' chatter' but such chatter, from the Minotaur to the Trojan Horse, from Zeus to Prometheus, Heracles to the Argonauts, has been of immense influence for thousands of years. Those tales of deities and beasts, and of heroes and villains, must have possessed some quality to have lasted so long. Thousands of years on, we still refer in our every day lives to Achilles, Pandora and Narcissus. From Hades in the Underworld to Pegasus in flight, Greek Myths & Legends is an accessible introduction to the world of such characters as the Titans, Aphrodite and Poseidon. The book tells the story of Greek mythology from its creation myths and gods to its tales of mortals. Along the way we see the development of the pantheon of the major Greek deities, the dynastic struggles among the early gods, the creation of the Underworld and we learn how Ariadne, Medea and Perseus, among many others, fit into the mythic universe. The book also examines how Greek myths have survived in written texts, ceramics, art and architecture, and the legacy of Greek mythology in Roman culture and the Middle Ages, as well as its revival in the Renaissance and its enduring appeal today. Illustrated with 180 colour and black-&-white photographs, artworks and maps, Greek Myths & Legends is an engaging, highly informative exploration of a fascinating world and will appeal to anyone interested in legends and ancient cultures.
Introduction
The stories and gods of Greek mythology and how it compared with
mythologies of other cultures of the time.
Mythology was at the heart of everyday life in Ancient Greece.
Greeks regarded mythology as a part of their history. They used
myth to explain natural phenomena.
1. Origin Myths
The creation of the world and the first gods. Out of Chaos was born
Gaia (the Earth) along with Eros (Love), the Abyss (the Tartarus),
and the Erebus (darkness).
Gaia gave birth to the six male, including Cronos, and six female
Titans. Fearing that Cronos would be betrayed by his children – as
he had betrayed his own father – Cronos ate all his offspring as
soon as they were born. But his wife Rhea hated this and tricked
Cronos when Zeus was born, substituted a stone wrapped in a blanket
for their son. Then when Zeus was fully grown he challenged his
father, who vomited up all his children. Cronos and the other
Titans were banished to Tartarus (the Underworld). Zeus later ate
his own wife and his daughter Athena was born from his head.
The Cosmology of the Greek myth: it was believed that the Earth was
a flat disk afloat on the river of Oceanus and overlooked by a
hemispherical sky with sun, moon, and stars. The Sun (Helios)
traversed the heavens as a charioteer and sailed around the Earth
in a golden bowl at night.
2. The Olympian Gods
After Cronos and the Titans were overthrown, a new pantheon of gods
was established. This is the best-known pantheon, led by Zeus with
Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite,
Hephaestus, Hermes and either Hestia, or Dionysus.
3. Other Gods
Including the Gods of the Countryside – Beside the Olympians, the
Greeks also worshipped satyr-god Pan, Nymphs (spirits of rivers),
Naiads (who dwelled in springs), Dryads (who were spirits of the
trees), Nereids (who inhabited the sea), river gods, Satyrs, and
others.
4. The Age of Gods and Mortals
Between the age when the deities lived alone on Earth and the time
when the mortals were on Earth and the gods distant on Mount
Olympus, was a time when deities and mortals mixed on Earth. From
this time in Greek mythology, we have tales of love, where gods
fathered children with mortals, tales of punishment, such as
Prometheus stealing fire from the gods.
5. Heroes and War
The Heroic Age included stories of heroes such as Heracles,
Odysseus, Theseus and the Minotaur, and Jason and the Argonauts and
their numerous voyages and adventures. Also in this age are the
tales related to The Trojan War, such as Helen of Troy, Achilles
and the Trojan Horse. BOX: What fact is there behind Greek myths?
There was a Troy but was there a Trojan War. There might have been
a hero warrior Heracles.
6. Literature
How do we know what we know about Greek mythology? Much comes from
literature sources, Hesiod’s Theogony, which describes the
beginnings and origins of the gods and goddesses, Euripedes’ play
The Bacchae
Homer’s epic poems The Iliad, about the end of the Trojan War and
The Odyssey, about Odysseus’s adventures on his journey home from
the war
Apollonius’s Argonautica, written in 3rd century BC but based on
older tales. In ancient times the expedition was regarded as a
historical fact, an incident in the opening up of the Black Sea to
Greek commerce and colonization.
7. Legacy
Originally, the myths were adopted by Roman culture, and then
throughout the Renaissance, particularly within art. Constellations
and celestial bodies have been named after elements of Greek
mythology, such as Pegasus, Scorpius and Capricorn. Greek mythology
has had a direct influence on modern Western culture, most notably
in the 19th century revival of the Olympic Games. Medieval and
renaissance writers such as Dante, Chaucer and Shakespeare all took
inspiration from Greek myths. The influence on modern literature is
immense, ranging from James Joyce’s Ulysses to Suzanne Collins’s
Hunger Games trilogy, which reworks the story of Athenians paying
tribute to King Minos by sacrificing young men and women to the
Minotaur.
Bibliography
Index
Fully illustrated guide to Ancient Greek myths and legends
Martin J. Dougherty is the author of Roman Myths, Norse Myths and The Ancient Warrior, among many other books. A former defence consultant, he also writes on personal self-defence and modern military technology. He lives in northern England.
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