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Richard James Burgess draws on his experience as a producer, a musician, and an author in this history of recorded music, which focuses on the development of music production as both art form and profession. This comprehensive narrative begins in 1860 with the first known recording of an acoustic sound and moves chronologically through the twentieth century, examining the creation of the market for recorded sound, the development of payment structures, the origins of the recording studio and those who work there, and, ultimately, the evolution of the recording industry itself. Burgess charts the highs and lows of the industry through the decades, ending with a discussion of how Web 2.0 has affected music production. The focus remains throughout the book on the role of the music producer, and Burgess offers biographical information on key figures in the history of the industry, including Fred Gaisberg, Phil Spector, and Dr. Dre. Undergirding Burgess's narrative is the argument that while technology has historically defined the nature of music production, the drive toward greater control over the process, end result, and overall artistry came from producers. In keeping with this unique argument, The History of Music Production incorporates clear yet in-depth discussion of the developmental engagement of technology, business, and art with music production. Burgess builds this history of music production upon the strongest possible foundation: the key transitions, trends, people, and innovations that have been most important in the course of its development over the past 136 years. The result is a deeply knowledgeable book that sketches a critical path in the evolution of music production, and describes and analyzes the impact recording, playback, and disseminative technologies have had on recorded music and music production. Central to the field and a key reference book for students and scholars alike, it will stand as a companion volume to Burgess's noted, multi-edition book The Art of Music Production.
Show moreRichard James Burgess draws on his experience as a producer, a musician, and an author in this history of recorded music, which focuses on the development of music production as both art form and profession. This comprehensive narrative begins in 1860 with the first known recording of an acoustic sound and moves chronologically through the twentieth century, examining the creation of the market for recorded sound, the development of payment structures, the origins of the recording studio and those who work there, and, ultimately, the evolution of the recording industry itself. Burgess charts the highs and lows of the industry through the decades, ending with a discussion of how Web 2.0 has affected music production. The focus remains throughout the book on the role of the music producer, and Burgess offers biographical information on key figures in the history of the industry, including Fred Gaisberg, Phil Spector, and Dr. Dre. Undergirding Burgess's narrative is the argument that while technology has historically defined the nature of music production, the drive toward greater control over the process, end result, and overall artistry came from producers. In keeping with this unique argument, The History of Music Production incorporates clear yet in-depth discussion of the developmental engagement of technology, business, and art with music production. Burgess builds this history of music production upon the strongest possible foundation: the key transitions, trends, people, and innovations that have been most important in the course of its development over the past 136 years. The result is a deeply knowledgeable book that sketches a critical path in the evolution of music production, and describes and analyzes the impact recording, playback, and disseminative technologies have had on recorded music and music production. Central to the field and a key reference book for students and scholars alike, it will stand as a companion volume to Burgess's noted, multi-edition book The Art of Music Production.
Show moreCONTENTS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE
Beginnings:
Understanding Sound
Toward Recording
The Phonograph
The First Producers
CHAPTER TWO
The acoustic period:
Acoustic Recording
International Expansion
The Third Major Label
The Sooys
Documentation of Cultural Expression
The End of an Era
CHAPTER THREE
The Electric period:
Toward Electric Recording
Better Sound
Country Music
Further Technological Foundations
The Calm before the Storm
The Thirties and Forties
Radio, Film, and Tape Innovations
CHAPTER FOUR
Economic and Societal Overlay:
Cyclical Decline
One Thing after Another: The Thirties through the War
Recovery
CHAPTER FIVE
The Studio is Interactive
Toward Greater Control
Magnetic Tape Recording
Defining Some Terms
Mastering
Editing
Sound on Sound
Overdubbing
Summing up of Tape's Impact
The Microgroove LP
CHAPTER SIX
The Post World War II Reconstruction of the Recording Industry
After the War
The Boom in Independent Labels
The Fifties
Radio DJs
CHAPTER SEVEN
Mobile Music
More Music for More People
Music Anywhere: Radio on the Move
My Music on the Move
My Music Anywhere
CHAPTER EIGHT
Expanding the Palette
Electric Instruments and Amplifiers
Synthesizers
Genre Hybridization
CHAPTER NINE
Some Key Producers
The Objective
Review of Early Producers
Mitch Miller
Leiber and Stoller
Phil Spector
Sam Phillips
Steve Sholes
Norrie Paramor
Joe Meek
Brian Wilson
George Martin
Holland, Dozier and Holland
Teo Macero
King Tubby
Prince
Rick Rubin
Quincy Jones
Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Dr Dre
Max Martin
CHAPTER TEN
The Sixties and Seventies
Cultural and Creative Revolution
The Sixties
Mix Automation
The Seventies
CHAPTER ELEVEN
Toward the Digital Age
Digital Recording:
Hip Hop:
The State of the Eighties:
The Sound of the Eighties:
The Look of the Eighties:
Shiny Silver Discs:
Singles:
Mixing:
Dance Music:
Remixes:
Further Eighties Developments
Mergers and Acquisitions
The Internet and the World Wide Web
CHAPTER TWELVE
The Nineties
The Corporate State
The Charts and SoundScan
Alternative Rock
Toward Music Online
Progress with Digitized Data
Digital Radio
Millennials
Preparing the way for Napster
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
Periods of standards and stability
Proprietary versus Open Systems
Standards
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
Deconstructing the Studio
Democratizing Technologies
Improvised Environments
When is a Home not a Home?
Freedom
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
Random Access Recording Technology
Why Random Access?
The Beginnings of Random Access for Producers
Drum Machines, Next Generation Sequencers and MIDI
The Beginnings of Random Access Digital Recording
Convergence and Integration
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
Transformative/Disruptive Technologies and the Value of Music
Definitions of Terms
The Industry at the Turn of the 21st Century
Missed Opportunity
Oh wait.
No Big Surprises
What a Great Idea
What Happened to Vertical Integration?
An Idea Whose Time Had Come
Denial and Inaction
The Consequences
The Digital Disruption and Producer Income
Performance Royalties
Direct versus Statutory Licenses
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
Post-Millennial Business Models
American Idol
Downloads
Streaming Audio
Non interactive streams
Streaming on demand
Web 2.0, Social Networking and Social Media
Commonalities
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
The Unfinished Work
Sampling, Mash-ups and Remixes
Using Records as Raw Material
Disco
Hip hop
Adapting compositions
Adapting Recordings
The Question of Creativity
The Question of Legality
CONCLUSION
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Richard James Burgess is Director of Marketing and Sales for
Smithsonian Folkways Recordings and author of The Art of Music
Production, Fourth Edition (OUP 2013). He also runs his own artist
management company, Burgess Worldco. Prior to coming to Smithsonian
Folkways, Burgess managed major label artists with top ten chart
hits and international touring schedules, including Spandau Ballet,
King, Colonel Abrams, Five Star, Living In A Box,
Shriekback, and New Edition.
"Indispensable for lovers of music who are fascinated by the
history of how musical recordings are made. Burgess has wrapped
engaging stories around impressive research." --Steve Savage,
author of The Art of Digital Audio Recording and Mixing and
Mastering in the Box
"This important work brings new perspectives to the history of
recorded music and shows how new technologies have been applied
artfully and creatively by the many talented artisans of the craft
in ways that changed how music is understood." --Mike Howlett,
Associate Professor at Queensland University of Technology and
Grammy award-winning producer
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