The Rocky Mountains provide a key region for understanding the evolution of the western North American continent and processes that shape continents in general. As a result, the region has prompted intense and pioneering geologic investigations for over a century, offering scientists an exceptionally rich field laboratory in which to gather data and to make and test interpretations. The Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountain (CD-ROM) experiment (1995-2004), from which this book derives, follows in this tradition, motivated by three leading questions: how are continents initially formed and stabilized; how do old lithospheric structures and boundaries influence younger tectonic events; and how did processes related to the plate boundary affect the evolution of the Cenozoic Rocky Mountains? To successfully answer such questions requires integrated studies focused from the surface, through the crust, into the mantle, and with a four-dimensional approach that also encompasses the time dimension.
The Rocky Mountains provide a key region for understanding the evolution of the western North American continent and processes that shape continents in general. As a result, the region has prompted intense and pioneering geologic investigations for over a century, offering scientists an exceptionally rich field laboratory in which to gather data and to make and test interpretations. The Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountain (CD-ROM) experiment (1995-2004), from which this book derives, follows in this tradition, motivated by three leading questions: how are continents initially formed and stabilized; how do old lithospheric structures and boundaries influence younger tectonic events; and how did processes related to the plate boundary affect the evolution of the Cenozoic Rocky Mountains? To successfully answer such questions requires integrated studies focused from the surface, through the crust, into the mantle, and with a four-dimensional approach that also encompasses the time dimension.
Preface
Karl E. Karlstrom and G. Randy Keller ix
Introduction
Karl E. Karlstrom and G. Randy Keller 1
Tectonics, Structure Geology, Regional Geophysics
2D Laramide Geometries and Kinematics of the Rocky Mountains,
Western U.S.A.
Eric A. Erslev 7
Complex Proterozoic Crustal Assembly of Southwestern North
America in an Arcuate
Subduction System: The Black Canyon of the Cunnison, Southwestern
Colorado
Micah I. Jessup, Karl E. Karlstrom, James Connelly, Michael
Williams, Richard Livaccari, Amanda Tyson, and Steven A. Rogers
21
Signs From the Precambrian: The Geologic Framework of Rocky
Mountain Region
Derived From Aeromagnetic Data
Carol A. Finn and Paul K. Sims 39
Low-Temperature Cooling Histories of the Cheyenne Belt and
Laramie Peak Shear Zone,
Wyoming, and the Soda Creek-Fish Creek Shear Zone, Colorado
Shari A. Kelley 55
The Proterozoic Ancestry of the Colorado Mineral Belt: 1.4 Ga
Shear Zone System in Central Colorado
Annie M. McCoy, Karl E. Karlstrom, Colin A. Shay and Michael L.
Williams 71
Structure of the North Park and South Park Basins, Colorado: An
Integrated Geophysical Study
Leandro Treviiio and G. Randy Keller 91
Gravity Modeling of the Colorado Mineral Belt
Annie M. McCoy, Mousumi Roy, Lendro Treviiio, and G. Randy Keller
99
Paleomagnetic and Geochronologic Data Bearing on the Timing,
Evolution, and Structure
of the Cripple Creek Diatreme Complex and Related Rocks, Front
Range, Colorado
Jason S. Rampe, John IN Geissman, Mark B. Melker, and Matthew T:
Heizler 107
Isostatic Constraints on Lithospheric Thermal Evolution:
Application to the Proterozoic
Orogen of the Southwestern United States
R. M. Flowers, L. H. Royden, and S. A. Bowring 125
Geochemistry, Geochronology and Xenolith Studies
Contrasting Lower Crustal Evolution Across an Archean-Proterozoic
Suture: Physical, Chemical and Ceochronologic Studies of Lower
Crustal Xenoliths in Southern Wyoming and Northern Colorado
G. Lang Farmer, Samuel A. Bowring, Michael L. Williams, Nikolas I.
Christensen, Jennifer T. Matzel, and Liane Stevens 139
40Ar/39ArT hermochronologic Record of I.45 - 1.35 Ga
lntracontinental Tectonism in the Southern Rocky Mountains:
Interplay of Conductive and Advective Heating with lntracontinental
Deformation
Colin A. Shaw, Matthew T. Heizler, and Karl E. Karlstrom 163
Characterization and Age of the Mesoproterozoic Debaca Sequence
in the Tucumcari Basin, New Mexico
Jose FA. Amarante, Shari A. Kelley, Matthew T. Heizler, Melanie A.
Barnes, Kate C. Miller, and Elizabeth L: Anthony 185
Controlled Source Seismic Studies
Background and Overview of Previous Controlled Source Seismic
Studies
Claus Prodehl, Roy A. Johnson, G. Randy Keller . Catherine M.
Snelson, and Hanna-Maria Rumpel 201
Inter-Wedging Nature of the Cheyenne Belt-Archean-Proterozoic
Suture Defined by Seismic Reflection Data
E. A. Morozova, X. Wan, K. R. Chamberlain, S. B. Smithson, R.
Johnson, and K. E. Karlstrom 217
Seismic Investigation of the Yavapai-Mazatzal Transition Zone
and the Jemez Lineament
in Northeastern New Mexico
Maria Beatrice Magnani, Alan Levander, Kate C. Miller, Tefera
Eshete, and Karl E. Karlstrom 227
Listric Thrust Faulting in the Laramide Front of North-Central
New Mexico Guided
by Precambrian Basement Structures
Maria Beatrice Magnani, Alan Levander, Eric A. Erslev, Nicole
Bolay-Koenig, and Karl E. Karlstrom 239
An lntegrated Geophysical Study of the Southeastern Sangre de
Cristo Mountains,
New Mexico: Summary
Oscar Quezada, G. Randy Keller, and Christopher Andronicos 253
An lntegrated Geophysical Analysis of the Great Divide Basin and
Adjacent Uplifts,
Southwestern Wyoming: Summary
Veronica I. Cline and G. Randy Keller 255
Results of the CD-ROM Project Seismic RefractionIWide-Angle
Reflection Experiment:
The Upper and Middle Crust
Hanna-Maria Rumpel, Claus Prodehl, Catherine M. Snelson, and G.
Randy Keller 257
Regional Crustal Structure Derived from the CD-ROM 99 Seismic
RefractionIWide-Angle
Reflection Profile: The Lower Crust and Upper Mantle
Catherine M. Snelson, G. Randy Keller, Kate C. Miller, Hanna-Maria
Rumpel, and Claus Prodehl 271
Crust and Upper Mantle Velocity Structure of the Southern Rocky
Mountains
from the Jemez Lineament to the Cheyenne Belt
Alan Levander, Colin Zelt, and Maria Beatrice Magnani 293
Passive Source Seismic Studies
Passive Source Seismology of the Rocky Mountain Region
Anne Sheehan, Vera Schulte-Pelkum, Oliver Boyd, and Charles Wilson
309
Lithospheric Stratigraphy Beneath the Southern Rocky Mountains,
USA
Brian Zurek and Ken Dueker 317
Upper Mantle Tomographic Vp and V, Images of the Rocky Mountains
in Wyoming,
Colorado and New Mexico: Evidence for a Thick Heterogeneous
Chemical Lithosphere
Huaiyu Yuan and Ken Dueker 329
Upper Mantle Anisotropy Beneath Precambrian Province Boundaries,
Southern Rocky Mountains
Otina C, Fox and Anne E Sheehan 347
Attenuation Tomography Beneath the Rocky Mountain Front:
Implications for the
Physical State of the Upper Mantle
0liver S. Boydand, Anne F Sheehan 367
CDROM lnterstation Pn Study Along the Rio Grande Rift
Lynda A. Lastowka and Anne F. Sheehan 379
Rayleigh Wave Constraints on Shear-Wave Structure and Azimuthal
Anisotropy
Beneath the Colorado Rocky Mountains
Aibing Li, Donald W Forsyth, and Karen M. Fischer 385
Synthesis Papers
The Dynamic Nature of the Continental Crust-Mantle Boundary:
Crustal Evolution in the Southern Rocky Mountain Region as an
Example
G. Randy Keller, Karl E. Karlstrom, Michael L. Williams, Kate C.
Miller, Christopher Andronicos,
Alan R. Levander, Catherine M. Snelson, and Claus Prodehl 403
Synthesis of Results From the CD-ROM Experiment: 4-D Image of
the Lithosphere Beneath
the Rocky Mountains and Implications for Understanding the
Evolution of Continental Lithosphere
Karl E. Karlstrom, Steven 1. Whitmeyer, Ken Dueker, Michael L.
Williams, Samuel A. Bowring,
Alan Levander, E. D. Humphreys, G. Randy Keller, and the CD-ROM
Working Group 421
Karl E. Karlstrom. Ph.D., Wyoming, 1981 - Professor - researches field and analytical studies of ductile rock deformation and growth and assembly of Proterozoic continental lithosphere in North America.
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