In recent decades, optical techniques such as electronic speckle pattern interferometry, holographic interferometry, and fringe projection have emerged as the prominent tools for non-contact measurements. These methods have found applications in diverse areas ranging from biology to materials science, with examples including materials inspection and characterization; non-destructive testing and evaluation; flow visualization; surface profilometry; and biomechanics. In all of these processes, information about the measured physical quantity such as deformation, strain, profile, and refractive index is stored in the phase or associated derivatives of an interference fringe pattern. Consequently, a reliable estimation of phase and its derivatives, commonly referred to as fringe analysis becomes a primary requirement for the application and interpretation of these optical techniques. This book presents a review of the tools and methods of multicomponent fringe analysis and interferometric data. In addition, the authors also outline a wide range of digital signal-processing-based interferometric data-processing techniques to address the problem of accurate estimation of phase and phase derivatives with a particular focus on the simultaneous estimation of multiple phase and phase derivatives from a single frame of the interference field. The authors provide numerical simulations and practical examples to confirm the feasibility, effectiveness and accuracy of the methods described.. The book focuses on overview of concepts, attracting current research attention, by: Adopting a digital signal processing approach to spatial and temporal fringe demodulation. Offering innovative solutions for the demodulation of multicomponent signals. Proposing a range of ground breaking avenues for estimating simultaneously multiple phase components. Providing a range of methods for the simultaneous estimation of multiple phase derivatives of first order; and as well the single-phase derivatives of arbitrary order p. A strong focus on key topics of interest such as closed fringe demodulation; and fringe denoising and phase unwrapping operations.